![]() He certainly didn't give metronome markings, because the metronome was not invented until later.Īlso, there is a lot assumed in music notation that is cultural.įinally, the Goldberg Variations was written for harpsichord or clavichord, not for the piano. ![]() ![]() a Baroque "presto" was different from a romantic one, and in any case Italian tempo indications are often also not just about tempo but also about affect. But he frequently didn't give any indication of tempo (and often when he did, the meaning has changed over time, e.g. Even so, it's not always easy to see exactly what ornament is written (I have seen the E minor arpegiando in the first section of the aria notated as both descending and ascending in different editions because the handwritten copy is note easy to read). Interpretation is required for tempo indications, dynamic marks, phrasing, various inflection marks (e.g., exactly how long is "staccato"?), ornamentation and all sorts of other stuff.īach was more precise than his contemporaries in writing ornaments that he required - the aria of the Goldberg Variations is full of ornamentation - and he lamented the common practice of performers chucking in ornaments ad libitum. Music notation is not really precise anyway. There is something in it of divinity which the ear cannot distinguish. ![]()
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